Gartner's emerging technology cycle chart released last year shows that IoT has become the most anticipated emerging technology in 2016, and the related IOT platform is also receiving strong attention. IoT technology will mature in the next 5 to 10 years. By 2020, the total number of connected devices will reach or exceed 50 billion. The Internet of Things will include many devices in the home, ranging from smart thermostats to wearable devices to smart refrigerators...
The battery is sometimes the bane of mobile devices and sensors. This power supply is not reliable and must be recharged or replaced periodically, which may become the biggest weakness of the Internet of Things (IoT). To this end, researchers at the University of Washington thought of a good idea: by collecting energy from existing radio, television, and other wireless signals, they developed a low-energy device that can make sensors, wearable devices, and so on. Equipment, a method that requires no battery or wire to connect to the network.
At present, foreign media reports, students of the University of Washington School of Electronic Engineering have developed a new WiFi technology, the biggest feature is that energy consumption is less than one ten thousandth of current WiFi. Most importantly, large-scale IoT devices can also be charged via reverse wifi technology. The technology has been nominated for "2016 Top Ten Technology Breakthroughs" by the MIT Technology Review and has been applied to the University of Washington campus.
Launching radio waves to "suck" power from radio waves
The technology, called Passive Wi-Fi (Passive Wi-Fi), is almost the same as a router that you use every day, but it's more energy efficient. For example, the current router's transmit power is 100 milliwatts, while the Passive Wi-Fi router's transmit power is only 10 to 50 microwatts, only one in ten thousand.
The new WiFi technology works like an RFID chip, using electromagnetic back-reflection (Wi-Fi backscatter) communication technology. Current WiFi technology provides power by consuming power; unlike this technology, it selectively reflects radio waves and "sucks" power from the waves.
The project's researcher, Vamsi Talla, said: "The device using Passive Wi-Fi technology does not transmit any signals by itself. It only generates digital WiFi packets by reflection. Therefore, this kind of Wireless transmission technology with very low energy consumption."
According to the researchers, Passive Wi-Fi works in three steps: First, you need to install a simple device on the wall to send analog waves to the Passive Wi-Fi sensor. Most of the power is spent in the process, and the sensor consumes almost no power.
Next, the sensor accepts the analog wave and then digitally converts it into a Wifi packet. Finally, the device can transmit network data to a mobile phone or router at 11 Mbps per second (faster than Bluetooth, but slower than some home broadband).
The low-power wifi device comes from a new communication system called Wi-Fi backscatter, which uses radio frequency as a source of electrical energy and no longer requires a battery in the future.
Wi-Fi wireless charging directly from the air to get energy
With the help of this technology, future IoT devices may no longer need batteries, but directly get energy from the air.
They invented the black technology, known as the "power-over-wireless" system, which allows us to use Wi-Fi signals for devices within 28 feet (8.5 meters). Charging.
The system consists of two parts, a receiver (router) and a custom sensor. “The goal of the sensor is to collect RF (radio frequency) power and convert it to DC power,†explains Vamsi Talla, a researcher at the project. “The second one is our receiver, and we have customized a solution for it. Using software correction, the router becomes a powerful power source, and at the same time, it can play the role of a traditional router. In other words, you only need to upgrade the traditional Wi-Fi router to allow data transmission and energy transmission to coexist. One, not interfere with each other. Or, to be more precise, this technology only makes effective use of the existing power generated by the router.
In addition to using radio frequency as a power source, engineers at the University of Washington have also discovered ways to reuse existing Wi-Fi signals to provide networking capabilities for batteryless devices; this technology, called Wi-Fi Backscatter, is the first to be known. Solutions that enable battery-free devices to be linked to Wi-Fi infrastructure are based on earlier research that allows low-power devices such as temperature sensors to harvest energy from broadcast, television, and wireless signals.
The University of Washington says the challenge for this new technology is that traditional low-power networks such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth consume two of the energy that can be collected from TV broadcasts, cellular networks or Wi-Fi transmitters. three times. Wi-Fi Backscatter is a communication mechanism that allows RF-powered devices to encode data by reflecting (reflecTIng) or not reflecting signals from Wi-Fi routers; existing devices and sensors can detect those by The change in Wi-Fi signal strength produced by the reflection. And because Wi-Fi Backscatter is only a reflection, not a wireless signal, it only needs less than 10mW of power to communicate with networked devices.
Schematic diagram of Wi-Fi Backscatter technology developed by the University of Washington, USA
Joshua Smith, an associate professor of electrical engineering in electrical engineering at the University of Washington, said: "You might wonder how a low-power device can cause small changes in wireless signals? But if you look closely, you will find that all Wi-Fi signals in the environment have this reflection. The phenomenon. Wi-Fi Backscatter can reach a communication speed of 1kbps, and the distance between devices can be up to 20 meters, which is really impressive.
As early as the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the well-known inventor Nikola Tesla proposed wireless power supply technology, but the related solutions have not been able to replace the AC wires everywhere; and many manufacturers in the industry today are developing short-range wireless. Charging technology. Shyam Gollakota, an associate professor of computer science engineering at the University of Washington, said: "To get the IoT off, we must provide connectivity for battery-free devices that can reach billions of units and are embedded in everyday products."
Gollakota pointed out: "We can now have the device with wireless link function and consume less energy than the average Wi-Fi device." Bryce Kellogg, a Ph.D. student in electrical engineering at the University of Washington who is also involved in Wi-Fi Backscatter research and development, said the technology is the biggest. One of the advantages is that existing home wireless routers can communicate with other home smart sensors and IoT devices through software updates, which greatly reduces the threshold for consumers to deploy new technologies.
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