[Home Theater Network HDAV.com.CN] When you disassemble the speaker, in addition to the material used by the manufacturer for tuning, there will be a circuit board sandwiched between the output terminal and the sounding unit, and this circuit The board is the crossover. Its function is equivalent to the "brain" in the speaker. The analog signal is separated into high, medium and low-frequency parts and sent to the corresponding sounding unit, so as to achieve better playback effect.
Dividers are commonly used in units with treble and bass, or in speakers with midrange units. Without a crossover, a multi-unit speaker cannot play back sounds in different frequency bands. The difference in type and quality also affects whether the speaker can play back better sound performance.
About the knowledge that the crossover has to know, it will be introduced in detail by "New Life of Video and Audio".
What is the use of the divider?
Whether it is a tweeter or a woofer, their frequency response curves are not flat. The treble and woofer will be attenuated at both ends, so that the lower-line attenuation of the low-tone sound may be related to the lower-order attenuation of the high-tone response. Coincidence or even staggering occurs, causing the frequency bands to coincide and cannot form a straight curve, so that the sound coming out will not be a good sound quality.
If you want them to work together in coordination, it's not a simple docking. The role of the crossover is to be responsible for the combination of the frequency response between the various speakers to achieve better results. The crossover will be the amplifier The output music signal is processed by the original filter wave to pass the specific frequency signal of each unit. Simply put, the original signal is divided into several frequency bands, and the frequency divider picks out the frequency band most suitable for the corresponding unit to play and assigns it to it. To achieve multi-speaker collaborative work.
The need for the crossover is determined by the design of the speaker itself. The two-way is divided into two segments, and the three-way is divided into three segments. This is what we often call "two-way" and "three-way". The working principle of the frequency divider is divided. It has multiple implementation methods and is divided into different types of designs. However, we often see two types of power dividers and electronic crossovers. The concept of hearing.
Electronic parts are the core power divider
The power divider is designed after the power amplifier, mainly composed of capacitive and inductive components, so it is also called the capacitive frequency divider. Because the inductor and capacitor have filtering effect, low-pass and high-pass can be realized through the inductor and capacitor. Finally, The purpose of dividing the frequency is achieved. This type of crossover is set inside the speaker, and the audio signal output by the power amplifier is divided into high, medium and low by the LC filter network and sent to each sounding unit.
The simplest power division is the capacitance division, which is a method of dividing the frequency by a capacitor in the back of the tweeter. A slightly more complicated capacitor and inductor can be used in each path to achieve a more accurate frequency division effect. However, the power divider installation is still very simple, both active and passive speakers can be applied. Power division is also attenuated in the frequency division frequency band, the slope of the attenuation curve is generally the number of filtering related.
However, the disadvantages of the power divider are also obvious. It consumes power itself, and there will be audio valleys and crossover distortion. In addition, the parameters of the power divider have a direct relationship with the impedance of the speaker unit itself, because the impedance of the unit is The function of frequency deviates greatly from the nominal value, so the error is very large, which is not conducive to tuning. It may require sufficient experience and technology to make the power crossover achieve good results.
Electronic crossover operating with audio signals
Unlike the power divider, the electronic divider is placed in front of the power amplifier. The electronic divider divides the audio weak signal and then amplifies the signals in each frequency band with separate amplifiers and sends them to the speaker unit. To achieve the crossover effect. For example, if the two-way (two-way) speaker uses electronic crossover, the two-channel signal will be divided into four channels, so the back-end amplifier needs four channels to complete output.
Electronic crossover has obvious advantages in technology. First, it does not have the power loss itself like the power divider. Its smaller current can be realized with a smaller power electronic active filter, and its power loss is It is not obvious or even negligible. The interference between the speaker units of the electronic crossover will be smaller, the signal loss will be small, and the sound quality will be slightly better. Of course, it is more intuitive and convenient to tune.
Of course, the electronic crossover also has a short board. Due to the operation principle, the electronic frequency division needs to use an independent power amplifier. The cost is high, and the circuit structure design is more complicated, but the current frequency comparison is compared with the current frequency division. High-priced brass seems to have a cost advantage. And because the electronic crossover is generally integrated with the power amplifier system, the playability of the electronic crossover is not so high for DIY speaker players. .
Conclusion: With a crossover, multi-unit speakers can clearly, accurately and accurately play back the sounds of high, medium and low sounds. And the quality of the crossovers represents the technical strength of the manufacturers themselves. Only experienced and strong technology The manufacturer can produce a high-quality crossover. There is no doubt that the behind-the-scenes of the speaker, non-frequency divider is none. More fresh and fun home theater information, please pay attention to the home theater network http:// (WeChat: cnhifi), the most influential interactive cinema website for home theater audio players.
Note: This article is transferred from the new life of audio and video. The article is an independent view of the author and does not represent the position of the home theater network.
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