With the continuous development of China's social economy, the development of lighting industry has become one of the characteristics of modern social progress and modern civilization. Since the 1990s, some developed countries in the world have proposed the concept of “green lighting projectâ€, which aims to make lighting efficient, energy-saving, comfortable, environmentally friendly and work-efficient, and has developed effective implementation methods. It has also become an important measure for the sustainable development of human society. At present, the concept of "green lighting project" is getting more and more attention and promotion in China, and more and more projects are being implemented. Here, I will talk about the implementation effect of the large space effect lighting design and the "green lighting project" in the terminal hall of Shanghai Pudong International Airport.
The implementation of 2 large-scale effect lighting design and “Green Photo Shanghai Pudong International Airport is one of the largest and most advanced passenger airports in China that have been built and put into operation. The architectural form, lighting design and color layout of the airport terminal hall The lighting effect is quite unique, and the energy saving and comfort are fully considered. The three large-scale lighting windows make the 76m deep and 402m wide main halls such as white, and the deep blue ceiling is like a blue sky under natural lighting, under the canopy in the hall. There are 704 white steel webs (the steel bars in the steel roof frame, the shape is cylindrical), the light from the upper square lighting hole is introduced into the room, so that the hall can make full use of the outdoor natural light during the day to save energy. In addition to supplementing the indoor light, the light from the top of the lighting hole can also appreciate the effect of blue sky and white clouds. From the implementation of natural daylighting during the day, the energy saving effect is very obvious. When the day hall of the hall is more than 700 steel abdomen above the square When the light from the lighting hole is introduced into the room, people look up and think that there are more than 700 bright lights under the ceiling.
The artificial lighting design of the main hall at night, with clear purpose and effect, is to illuminate 704 white steel webs under the ceiling with a set of lamps, and to limit the illumination directly to the zenith as far as possible, so that the dark blue The top is like a blue sky in the evening, and a white steel rod is arranged like a star. While embodying this effect, the average illuminance value of the floor of the hall should be no less than 200Lx, and there are certain requirements for the limitation of glare and the uniformity of ground illumination. The lighting diagram of the hall is shown in the figure.
The purpose of the hall lighting is to express the above effects, to achieve design ideas and requirements, in order to achieve good realistic results, but also to pay full attention to saving lighting energy.
2.1 Design conditions of the waiting hall The ceiling is a deep blue aluminum corrugated board. The light reflection rate is the color steel web. The bottom of the steel web is connected by a steel cable into a row with a row of 9m.
The zenith of the hall is curved, and the height of the two sides from the floor is 2.2. The lighting effect is created by using an indirect direct hybrid lighting method. The hall lighting is divided into main lighting and auxiliary lighting. The main body illumination provides the necessary illumination level for various activities that can be carried out in the building (but does not include partial lighting and advertising lighting in the lobby). The average illumination value is not less than 200Lx; the minimum and maximum illumination ratio (uniformity) should be Not less than 0.4 to ensure good uniformity of hall lighting. Auxiliary lighting is mainly used to illuminate the steel web under the ceiling to fully reflect the architectural effect. Because the architectural effect requires that the auxiliary lighting can only illuminate the steel web and should not illuminate the ceiling, that is to say, the average illumination of the ceiling should not be too high, so the metal halide lamp with the upper shading is selected to face the steel web. Irradiation, and as far as possible, the vertical diffusion angle of the luminaire is limited to 15. 2.3 Installation position and mode of lamps In a hall of 402m width, a lamp installation node is installed every 9m, with a total of 90 points (both sides), and each node is equipped with 5~6 sets of lamps, each node of lamps The capacity is controlled within 5 kW on the high side and 4 kW on the low side.
2.4 Selection of lamp types Due to the large space and area of ​​the hall, in order to achieve the required illumination and architectural effects, the required lamp power will be larger. For this reason, the choice of the type of illumination source in the hall fully considers its energy saving and the comfort of the lighting environment. In order to achieve the purpose of energy saving, the choice of light source should be the highest light efficiency, and the higher the light efficiency, the brighter the light emitted per watt. We know that the light effect of sodium lamp in gas discharge lamp is very high, the common high-pressure sodium light effect can reach above 120Lm/W, and the similar metal halide lamp has a luminous efficiency of about 90Lm/W (see the table). ) However, we noticed that in the case of the same brightness, the difference in color and color rendering will have a large difference in the brightness feeling actually obtained by the human eye. The color rendering of the light source mentioned here is represented by the color rendering index fta. The higher the /a, the closer to 100, the better the color rendering of the light source. Usually fta can be calculated by the following formula.
When you walk in from the inside, the human eye will immediately see the supplementary light on the low side, and people will feel the brightness of the hall.
The selected metal halide lamp has a color temperature of 4300K ​​and a color rendering index of /65, which shows that the light effect and color rendering of the light are ideal.
According to the above scheme and luminaire arrangement, the computer illuminance calculation program can be used to obtain the illuminance calculation value of the typical plane. The maintenance factor of the luminaire is 066, and the calculated average illuminance value is about 212Lx. After the completion, the actual measured average illuminance is obtained. The value is 232Lx. 2.5 Automatic control mode The correct lighting control mode is an effective means to achieve a comfortable lighting environment, and it is an effective measure for energy saving. For this reason, the main lighting and auxiliary lighting of the entire hall adopt intelligent mode automatic and manual manual control.
It can be seen from the lighting arrangement of the hall that although the design of the light source has fully considered the light efficiency and energy saving, it is undeniable that due to the large area of ​​the hall, in order to reflect the architectural effect and achieve the brightness of the ground, it is adopted. The number of lights is still relatively large. The whole hall uses a total of 684kW power lamps. If the lights are kept for a long time without control (usually the early flight is after 6am, the late flight is around 22pm). The electricity is amazing and unnecessary, so reasonable and orderly lighting control can also save a lot of power.
When designing, we considered a variety of intelligent control methods in the hall lighting. Firstly, the light sensing switch is used to control the light switch according to the set illuminance according to the set illuminance in each work area in the hall. When the preset indoor brightness value is reached, all hall general lighting will be turned off to make full use of daytime natural lighting. When the indoor brightness drops to a certain value, the control mode will first turn on the indirect lighting (as shown in Figure 3), until the fill light is turned on at night. Under normal circumstances, the direct illumination on both sides is generally not turned on. At this time, the average illumination value of the hall is about 150Lx due to the function of the middle check-in island lights and the surrounding advertising lights, which can satisfy the general waiting hall. Illumination requirements. Only when there is a requirement for the brightness of the hall, the direct illumination on both sides will be turned on to improve the brightness of the entire hall.
Secondly, according to the progress of the evening flight flow, the number of lights in the hall is determined. Sometimes, at some time in the evening, the domestic flight may be over, and the international flight is still running, then most of the domestic side hall lights can be turned off. To save energy.
By adopting reasonable and orderly lighting control, not only the brightness of the hall is guaranteed, but also the main energy saving is nearly 50% (continued from page 33). The line and the automatic blocking line are the longest transmission lines of the substation. Corresponding high-voltage cabinets are through cabinets and self-closing cabinets. The current transformers and voltage transformers in the cabinets are the most likely to be damaged by lightning. A lightning arrester should be added to these cabinets to reduce the lightning loss rate.
Selecting reinforced current transformers and voltage transformers Current current and voltage transformers widely used in railway substations are LA-10 and JDZ-10, such as LA-10Q and three-core five-column current and voltage reinforced mutual inductance. Because the insulation level is correspondingly improved, the lightning damage accident can be greatly reduced, and the operating experience has been confirmed.
The equipotential grounding shares the grounding of the high and low voltage equipment in the substation with the lightning protection device. The grounding down conductor is formed by the steel bar in the main body of the building, the upper end is connected with the roof lightning protection device, the lower end is connected with the ground net, and the annular grounding busbar of each layer is connected in the middle to form an electrically connected cage grounding system, and the neutral point is grounded. The safety protection grounding, lightning protection grounding, and the logic grounding of the computer are all connected to a common grounding body.
Thus, a local reference potential point based on the common ground bus is formed, so that the ground potentials everywhere can be substantially equal, which constitutes consumption and reduces the operating cost of the terminal. In fact, the large space lighting in the main hall only accounts for 30% of the large space lighting of the entire terminal building, while the other 70% of the hall large space lighting is also designed and implemented based on this method.
In summary, the large space lighting design of Pudong International Airport not only pays attention to the architectural lighting effect in the hall, but also fully considers the use of daytime natural lighting and various power-saving measures, so that the large space lighting of the whole hall has achieved effect and energy saving. The more creative effect also reflects the 3 end of the large space effect lighting design is different from ordinary lighting, it must not only complete the requirements of illumination and brightness in a large space, but also to show the novelty, chic and infinite imagination. Artistic effects, so its conception, design, luminaire layout, and choice of light source will be the key to achieving. In addition, large space lighting as an energy project, its implementation should also proceed from the actual, vary from place to place, to fully and effectively use solar energy, correctly and rationally select high-efficiency energy-saving light source, improve the utilization rate of lighting electricity and make reasonable and effective Control, in order to obtain greater social and economic benefits.
Substation equipotential bonding. Thereby effectively reducing the potential difference between the points, improving the grounding state of the system, and enhancing the ability of the system to withstand overvoltage.
4 Conclusion The Shanghai Railway Bureau Fuzhou hydropower section is a high-risk area, and its subordinates have 10 substationes including Zixi, Gloss, Shaowu, Shunchang, Laizhou, Nanping, Gutian, Minqing, Fudong and Fuxi. After the above lightning protection measures were adopted in this section in 1998, significant results were obtained (see Table 2).
Table 2: The proportion of lightning damage in the 10 years of lightning damage in the Fuzhou hydropower section over the years (%) Considering that the mine damage is related to the thunderstorm day, it is random, and the phenomenon of lightning strikes in the natural world is affected by the sun from a big perspective. The activities of sunspots and oceanic warm currents are around; small aspects are affected by air movement and landforms, and they are random. The lightning protection effect has yet to be tracked and observed with the perennial, and the lightning protection measures are continuously summarized to achieve the best benefits.
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