In recent years, with the development of digital audio technology, the requirements for speakers have become more demanding. In order to meet the requirements of technological development and meet the needs of consumers, the world's famous speaker companies are committed to improving the performance of existing speakers, and research and development of new materials, new processes and new design methods for loudspeakers.
The current status, characteristics and unique new technologies of speakers and their system technologies of world-renowned companies are introduced as follows:
First, the technical status of foreign speakers and speakers
Professional speaker
Mainly refers to speakers and speaker boxes used in movies, stage, halls, stadiums and other occasions. In recent years, with the development of new materials, new technologies, new structures, and new processes, the application of stereo technology, digital technology, and the popularity of CDs and VCDs, professional speakers and their systems have also made great progress, and new products are constantly emerging. . American JBL, EV, BOSE company; British KEF, TONNY company; Japan Panasonic, Pioneer, Mitsubishi, TOA, YAHAMA company, in recent years have launched a variety of professional speaker and speaker system. Their distinctive features are that they are subject to high power, both above 200W; high efficiency, generally 98-100dB; wide directivity. In order to achieve the above characteristics, the world-famous speaker manufacturers have crossed the sea and have their own magical powers.
The main methods adopted are as follows:
First, the use of new magnetic materials, the use of new magnetic circuit design methods. For example, the SFG magnetic circuit design adopted by JBL includes a new structural setup that balances the flux, reduces the inductance of the drive source, and conducts heat. The magnetic material used has a magnetic energy product of 3.6 MGsOe or more. This increases the capacity of the speaker to withstand power, and the playback bass is strong and powerful.
Second, the use of new materials, such as the tweeter diaphragm using aerospace titanium, because of the superior E·P of titanium metal, is suitable for the manufacture of high-quality high-pitched diaphragm. With the tweeter of the titanium diaphragm, the high frequency is greatly extended, and the power capacity is also greatly improved. The woofer uses a laminated high-density composite paper cone. The voice coil adopts a flat wire. Due to the high duty factor of the flat wire and high utilization of the magnetic circuit gap, high sensitivity can be obtained. The technology was invented by JBL, and other major companies followed suit.
Third, with the new model cylinder, the index horn loudspeaker used for a long time in professional sound reinforcement has been replaced by a new type of directional horn. The key technology of the directional horn is that the horns use differently shaped side walls. Due to the simple linear and exponential transformations in the past, they become complex and discontinuous functions to achieve constant directivity.
Fourth, the extensive use of computer CAD, CAM and CAT technology, the use of modern technology to tap the potential of traditional speakers, so that professional speaker products excellence. Representative products, such as JBL's MR professional speaker cabinet series, SR professional speaker cabinet series.
2. AV speaker speaker
Mainly refers to the speaker speakers for the sound system of the family high-fidelity audio system, karaoke karaoke, ballroom and home theater. AV speakers have made great progress in recent years, and new products are constantly emerging. The world's major speaker companies have introduced various forms of AV speaker speakers. They not only have advanced technical performance, but also feature technical features such as practical modeling, improved sensitivity, extended dynamic range, widened playback band and good transient response.
A common two-way crossover speaker: use an 8-inch or 6.5-inch mid-woofer plus a dome tweeter. Since a single speaker is used in the mid-low frequency, the speaker unit is required to have a wide range of piston vibration without splitting vibration to ensure ideal directivity and phase characteristics. In accordance with the requirements of enthusiasts in pursuit of bass performance, the companies have successively developed dumbbell-type speaker speakers, with a dome tweeter between two 8-inch or 6.5-inch mid-woofer units, designed to enhance the bass. Three-way crossover speaker: Add one midrange unit to the two-way crossover. The advantage is to make full use of the piston vibration frequency band of each unit to reduce distortion and improve power bearing capacity.
Another remarkable feature of the AV speaker is its good magnetic leakage prevention performance. The magnetic circuit must have a magnetic shielding design to ensure that the video image is not affected. Today, the popular multi-dimensional stereo and home theater system refers to the display of the theater's audio-visual effects in the general family, surround sound is part of it, and is a very important part.
The popular surround sounds on the market are roughly divided into two types, one is the Dolby Pro Logic surround sound evolved from the early "four-channel"; the other is the DSP surround sound originally developed by YAHAMA. DSP surround sound is a digital processing technology that simulates the sound effects of different spaces. This requires the front, center, and rear indicator speakers to be balanced in sound and ideal for directivity.
The engineers in the electro-acoustic industry have made unremitting efforts to improve the performance of AV speakers. Through systematic design, experiment and simulation, they constantly explore the mysteries of the AV speaker world. On the basis of ensuring the sense of hearing, the objective parameters of the speakers are ensured. Occupy an important and necessary position.
Representative products, such as JBL's home theater speaker system, include a total of 7 speakers for front main channel, center channel, surround channel and subwoofer. The front main channel uses two 200mm woofer units, two 127mm midrange units, a titanium dome tweeter and a horn tweeter. A horn tweeter is used in movie mode. The horn treble is used in the movie mode, and the titanium diaphragm treble is used when listening to music. The replayed sound quality is very well designed, using a multi-channel sound equalizer and a 7-channel sound quality equalizer, using digital technology to create powerful cinema sound in a small home space.
3. Subwoofer
In the past, in order to achieve true subwoofer output, designers used large cones whenever possible. Such as KLIPSCH 27-inch subwoofer; EV company developed 30-inch cone subwoofer. In recent years, the booming home theater audio market has driven the research and development of large amplitude subwoofers. Representative products are: 18-inch subwoofer from the AURASOUND radial é’• magnetic system.
A large linear motion range is obtained by controlling the thickness of the top plate and using a 0.5 inch voice coil in a 2 inch long magnetic gap.
PINEER's subwoofer has a unique initiative. From the outside, people may think that it has no overhang. In fact, it sticks a suspension-like structure behind the diaphragm, allowing the diaphragm to be made in a cylindrical frame. Long piston movement. The subwoofer's cone can move up to 50px, 6-inch woofer, and 100dB sound pressure level at 50Hz, which is difficult to achieve with traditional woofer. Representative products such as KEF's AV1 active active subwoofer.
Second, the main features of the speaker cabinets of famous foreign companies and unique new technologies
1. Features of JBL's speakers are:
High power consumption, 200-300W; high sensitivity, maximum sound pressure level above 110dB; good frequency response, flat frequency response and excellent transient characteristics. Unique new technology:
(1) The pole core of the speaker woofer is quite thick, and the pole core is hollow with a wire-cut insert. This specially designed pole core reduces the weight of the speaker and facilitates heat dissipation, which is designed to increase power handling.
(2) The flat-line voice coil is an advanced technology that was invented by JBL. Originally used on woofers, and later tweeters are also commonly used, both aluminum and copper. The flat line has a high duty factor and high magnetic void utilization, which is intended to improve sensitivity. According to the test, in the same magnetic circuit, the flat-line voice coil can increase the sensitivity by about 1 dB than the round-line voice coil.
(3) The titanium diaphragm dome unit was also the first to succeed in JBL. The Young's modulus of the titanium material is superior to that of the aluminum material. The high frequency upper limit of the titanium film can be greatly broadened and the power capacity is greatly improved.
(4) SFG symmetrical magnetic field magnetic circuit Titanium diaphragm is a patented technology of JBL Company. The patented technology ensures that the FB value distribution on the magnetic gap is symmetric with the upper and lower positions of the voice coil, and includes a magnetic flux balance, a structure setting for reducing the inductance of the driving source and heat conduction. Effectively suppress low frequency distortion, improve power withstand and damping characteristics.
2. BOSE company's speaker box is characterized by
Actively use the sound of the listening environment to improve and modify the radiation characteristics of the speaker, and develop a world-renowned sound field speaker box.
(1) Direct/reflective speaker technology.
(2) Acoustic air flow bass technology. The technology uses the airflow generated by the "A-cousticMass" structure to couple three independent chambers to reduce the resonance of the woofer diaphragm, reduce distortion, and provide a large dynamic range.
(3) Audio waveguide technology. This technology is the research result of bose company after 14 years of research and applied for a patent. It is characterized by the installation of a long, flexing guide tube in a very small chassis structure, thereby increasing the sense of low frequency and creating a huge sense of stage space that breaks through the small box size limit.
(4) HOROFINE film technology. This thin film technology is made of bamboo pulp and wood pulp. It has perfect and balanced plasticity and rigidity. It can meet three main indicators of converting electrical signals into high-quality sound waves: low density and high Young's modulus. With a large attenuation index, it can reproduce bright, clear and very natural sounds in the mid-high range.
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