Chinese name: UAV hydrological monitoring
Foreign name: UAV Hydrological Monitoring
table of Contents
background
Application background and demand of UAV in hydrological monitoring
application
Advantage
background
China has many rivers and abundant water resources, which have a great impact on the development of the national economy and the security of people's property. At the same time, it is also one of the countries with serious soil erosion in the world. Conducting soil and water conservation monitoring and census is a very difficult and important basic work.
Looking forward to the new century, the water conservancy industry is facing new situations and new tasks and shoulders major historical responsibilities. The three major water problems of floods, droughts, water shortages and water pollution have severely restricted national economic and social development. To solve the problem of water in the new century, we must adjust the water control ideas, change the water control policy, change from engineering water conservancy to resource water conservancy, and transform from traditional water conservancy to modern water conservancy and sustainable development. In this historical transformation process, water conservancy informationization should be given priority.
Application background and demand of UAV in hydrological monitoring
At present, the hydrology industry faces new situations and new tasks and shoulders major historical responsibilities. Problems such as floods, droughts and water shortages, water pollution, and soil erosion have severely restricted national economic and social development. To solve the problem of water, we must adjust the water control ideas, change the water control policy, change from engineering water conservancy to resource water conservancy, and transform from traditional water conservancy to modern water conservancy and sustainable development. In this historical transformation process, water conservancy informationization should be given priority. The overall level of hydrological infrastructure construction lags behind the needs of economic and social development, and is a prominent contradiction in the development of hydrological construction. Information is the basis of hydrological decision-making, and is the basis for correctly analyzing and judging the hydrological situation and scientifically formulating hydrological development programs. Due to the high maneuverability and high resolution of UAV low-altitude remote sensing, its application in the hydrological industry has unique advantages. In flood-related disasters, drought and water shortage, water pollution, river congestion and other related fields, Human-machine low-altitude remote sensing can play a huge role.
Due to its flexible and take-off and landing mode, low-altitude tracking and autonomous flight mode, and fast response multi-data acquisition capability, UAV has great application prospects in water conservancy management, including water area planning, water conservancy monitoring and water conservancy management. The drone can also complete water condition monitoring, river course, reservoir monitoring, flood area inspection, etc., as well as view water-damaged bridges, flooded areas, etc. The drone can be equipped with a high-resolution digital camera for fast mapping, or it can be equipped with a video capture device to collect and return real-time image data in real time, reflecting the advantages of high resolution, good effectiveness, and can also be equipped with synthetic aperture. Radar equipment that captures high-resolution images in cloudy weather. It turns out that drone technology will be rapidly and widely used in digital water conservancy fields in China and around the world. The UAV remote sensing system can complete the real-time dynamic monitoring of the cause, intensity, influence range and prevention and control effects of soil erosion. It mainly includes: regional topography, natural vegetation, climatic conditions, etc.; the amount of soil used for excavation and filling of the project, and the impact of soil erosion on the surrounding and downstream environment. The use of traditional methods requires a lot of manpower, material resources and time, and the use of drone systems can quickly grasp the situation, reduce the workload of personnel, shorten the inspection cycle, and greatly improve the real-time and accuracy of information.
application
1. Water resources survey, water resources land information management, water resources inspection and mapping
In the traditional water resources survey, land use information management and water conservancy inspection mapping, the investigation was carried out by artificial means. The survey personnel carried the camera from the height to the river and took the boat to investigate the water resources area. This method cannot perform survey measurements quickly and accurately. In the process of carrying out these tasks, the characteristics of the drone can be fully integrated, and the drone can be used for aerial photography, patrol, and rapid inspection by large-scale flight, and the water resources survey information can be grasped at the first time. Through the aerial surveying and mapping to grasp the groundwater resources land use information and water resources survey results, the ground station can clearly analyze the real-time dynamics of water resources based on real-time aerial surveillance data, and later produce electronic version or photo result map to generate water resources inspection map. The efficiency of the outdoor investigation of the water resources investigation team has been improved, and the irreplaceable role of water resources area, water resources geographic information and post-production water resources inspection and mapping has been provided quickly and accurately.
2. Flood disasters, drought and water shortage, water coverage area survey, waterline warning line analysis
After the occurrence of the traditional flood disaster, the helicopter used to monitor the aerial photography over the affected area and photograph the flood coverage area. When encountering a large area of ​​drought and water shortage, the fixed damage work generally adopts the manual damage method to determine the efficiency of the damage. slow. The method of warning in the waters is usually to divide the water depth by means of artificial boating, and there is no bird's-eye view for detailed and detailed division. These practices are not able to respond quickly in the event of a flood disaster. There is no bird's-eye view of the artificial photographing angle, and the manual operation is slow because of the large damage area. In this case, the UAV can be used to quickly overlook the topography, landforms, reservoirs and dikes of the flood storage and detention area from the air. When the danger occurs, the drone can overcome the unfavorable factors such as traffic and quickly reach the affected area and real-time. Deliver on-site information, monitor the development of dangerous situations, and provide accurate information for flood prevention decisions. In the drought monitoring work, the drone can prevent people from going deep into the field, timely understand the water source reserves in each area and each irrigation area, scientifically dispatch the reservoir to store water, do a good job of water storage and drought relief, and fully grasp the rivers and rivers. Changes in water levels in lakes and inland rivers. The use of drones is especially suitable for emergency management of emergencies, which greatly reduces the risk probability of dangerous work for flood control and drought relief workers and improves work efficiency. It can quickly carry out aerial photography for large reservoirs including water area coverage survey and waterline warning line analysis. Through aerial photography real-time monitoring, you can clearly understand the water surface cover area, divide the water area warning line by aerial mapping, and find the corresponding points for fence division. Improve the efficiency of dealing with emergency early warning emergencies and disasters, quickly and accurately perform aerial photography and damage for the affected areas, and provide valuable search and rescue information for rescuers.
3. Reservoir water level monitoring, river hydrological monitoring, dynamic monitoring of water resources engineering
In the traditional reservoir water level monitoring, river hydrological monitoring, and water resources engineering dynamic monitoring, the surveyors carried cameras to take photos of the reservoir buoys on the dam fence to obtain water level information and manual boat rides on upstream and downstream river hydrology. The situation is monitored. In the monitoring process, if large-area river pollution is encountered, water quality monitoring cannot be accurately performed, and the manual monitoring investigation will be slow due to the large operating area. At this time, the UAV can quickly monitor the required monitoring objects in real time. Especially in the harsh environment of the reservoir edge area, the UAV can control the monitoring tasks freely. Through the rapid inspection of the upper and lower reaches of the river, the first time to master the hydrological situation, especially the large-scale river pollution.
4. Safety monitoring of important water resources equipment and facilities, environmental monitoring around reservoirs and dam areas
In the traditional water resources equipment, facility safety monitoring, and environmental monitoring around the reservoir dam area, most of them are monitored by manual boating and walking. The monitoring personnel carry cameras, DVs, and telescopes to inspect the water conservancy facilities. The surrounding environment of the reservoir and dam area is generally carried out on a regular basis by walking. There are also problems with slow investigations and the inability to complete monitoring tasks quickly and accurately. The use of drones to quickly monitor important water resources equipment, real-time monitoring and inspection, and particularly in the harsh environment of the reservoir edge area, can easily complete the monitoring tasks; when the water resources facilities fail to stop operations, The UAV can quickly make emergency response, real-time monitoring of water resources equipment, and visual fault problems through ground stations. Real-time monitoring of dam inlet and outlet areas by real-time monitoring of drone air hovering, ground station can clearly analyze the real-time dynamics of dams in the work according to real-time aerial monitoring data, and can quickly and accurately carry out water conservancy facilities and equipment. Real-time monitoring solves the shortcomings of manual work that are slow and inaccessible.
5. For emergency monitoring such as dammed lakes
Most of the barrier lakes occur in areas with difficult traffic, and it is inconvenient for people to monitor. Because the drone has the characteristics of quick maneuver, low cost of use, simple maintenance and operation, it can monitor the distribution and dynamic changes of the barrier lake, providing first-hand information and science for rescue and timely elimination of hidden dangers. Decision basis.
6. Ice alarm emergency monitoring
At present, the method of eliminating the locust in China is mainly to use the air force bomber to use a heavy bomb to break the ice dam that blocks the river in the Linghe section of the Yellow River. Due to the large-scale rupture of the ice in the river section after the bombing, the river flow is rapidly accelerating, and it is very dangerous to use artificial ice to detect the bomb. In order to timely and accurately grasp the situation of the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River, the location of the ice dam and the bombing effect, the use of drones for emergency monitoring can provide technical support for the exclusion of the Yellow River. The UAV has the advantages of good stability, flexible takeoff and landing, high security and strong effectiveness. It also uses the remote sensing image of the drone to carry out the survey of the danger and the identification of the dike disease, which has low labor cost and time. Fast, the review cycle is short, and it can quickly find or update the occurrence, development and change of the danger and the damage of the dike.
Advantage
Advantages of the drone: easy to carry, simple to operate, quick response, abundant load, wide range of tasks, low environmental requirements for take-off and landing, and autonomous flight.
UAV hydrological monitoring advantages:
1. Improve the efficiency of dealing with emergency early warning emergencies and disasters, quickly and accurately perform aerial photography and damage for the affected areas; provide valuable search and rescue information for rescue workers.
2. Improve the efficiency of the outdoor survey of the water resources survey team, and provide an irreplaceable role for water resources area, water conservancy geographic information, and post-production water survey.
3. Quickly and accurately measure the reservoir water storage status, accurately monitor the water quality of upstream and downstream rivers, and strengthen real-time monitoring of reservoir and dam area operations.
4. It can provide real-time monitoring of water conservancy facilities quickly and accurately, and solve the shortcomings of manual operation and inability.
Application prospects
UAVs have wider application prospects in flood control and rescue, hydrology and water resources monitoring, and soil and water conservation monitoring in the water conservancy industry. In the daily flood control inspection, the water conservancy project, the topography and geomorphology of the reservoir area, the river and the dike insurance section, and the topographic environment of the flood storage and detention area can be viewed three-dimensionally. Especially in the case of flood dangers, it can overcome unfavorable factors such as inconvenient traffic, promptly rush to the airspace, monitor the development of dangerous conditions, and transmit real-time image data and other information in real time to provide accurate and reliable real-time information for rescue command decisions. Through the aerial remote sensing technology of drones to obtain various types of data information in space or on the ground, it has a series of advantages such as flexibility, long battery life, real-time image data and real-time on-site detection for high-risk areas, effectively making up for The limitations and shortcomings of satellite remote sensing or manned aircraft aerial remote sensing operations. In the field of water conservancy management, especially in flood prevention and rescue, as well as drought and mitigation, this unique advantage will be universally applied and developed. At the same time, the UAV is easy to carry and carry, and its long-term endurance and long-distance remote control technology can meet the needs of some special environments such as flood control, flood storage and flood control. The use of drones can be very effective in monitoring tasks when real-time visibility into the range of flood storage areas or areas of arid areas is required.
China is one of the countries with serious soil erosion in the world. Conducting soil and water conservation monitoring and census is a very arduous and important basic work. The UAV remote sensing system can complete the cause, intensity and scope of soil erosion. Real-time dynamic monitoring of prevention and control results. It mainly includes: regional topography, natural vegetation, climatic conditions, etc.; the amount of soil used for excavation and filling of the project, and the impact of soil erosion on the surrounding and downstream environment. The use of traditional methods requires a lot of manpower, material resources and time, and the use of drone systems can quickly grasp the situation, reduce the workload of personnel, shorten the inspection cycle, and greatly improve the real-time and accuracy of information. With the continuous development and progress of China's water conservancy modernization construction, how to accelerate the construction of water conservancy informatization, and effectively support water conservancy planning, construction, monitoring and management, especially in response to frequent flooding, forest fires, winter rain and winter The impact of disasters such as snow has become an important issue before us. The advantages and characteristics of the drone system's maneuverability, long battery life, real-time transmission of video images and regional environment effects, such as terrain and terrain, make the UAV system have wider application prospects in the field of water conservancy management.
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