How are earphones classified?
1. According to the principle of transducer
There are mainly two categories of dynamic and electrostatic earphones. Although there are several types of magnetic headphones other than these two types, they are either eliminated or used for professional purposes. , Not discussed here.
The principle of moving coil headphones: At present, most (about 99% or more) earphone earplugs belong to this category. The principle is similar to ordinary speakers. The coil in the permanent magnetic field is connected to the diaphragm. The coil drives the diaphragm to sound under the drive of the signal current.
Electrostatic headphones: The diaphragm is in a changing electric field. The diaphragm is extremely thin and accurate to a few microns (the current generation of Stax's electrostatic headset diaphragm is accurate to 1.35 microns). The coil is driven by the electric field force to make the diaphragm sound.
2: According to the degree of openness
Mainly open, semi-open, closed (closed)
Open earphones generally have a natural sense of hearing and are comfortable to wear. Commonly used in home-appreciated hifi earphones, the sound can be leaked, otherwise the outside sound can also be heard, and the earphones exert less pressure on the ears
Semi-open type: There are no strict rules, the sound can only be in or out, and can be adjusted accordingly
Closed type: The earmuffs put a lot of pressure on the ears to prevent the sound from coming in and out, and the sound is correctly positioned and clear. This type is common in the professional monitoring field. However, this type of headphones has a disadvantage that the bass sound is seriously stained.
3: According to usage
Mainly home, portable, monitor, mix, binaural recording
What do some related parameters and sound quality terms of headphones mean?
1. Headphone related parameters
Impedance: Pay attention to the difference between the meaning of resistance and resistance. In the world of direct current (dc), the effect of objects on current blocking is called resistance, but in the field of alternating current (ac), in addition to resistance blocking current, capacitance and inductance It also hinders the flow of current. This effect is called reactance, and the impedance we call daily is the sum of resistance and reactance in the vector.
Sensitivity (sensiTIvity): the sound pressure level that the earphone can emit when the power input to the earphone is 1 milliwatt (the unit of sound pressure is decibel, the greater the sound pressure, the greater the volume), so the higher the sensitivity and the lower the impedance, the headphones The easier it is to make sound, the easier it is to drive.
Frequency response: The sensitivity value corresponding to frequency is the frequency response, and the image is the frequency response curve. The range that human hearing can reach is about 20hz-20000hz. The current mature earphone technology has reached this kind of Claim.
2. Terminology of sound quality evaluation
Pitch range: the range between the highest and lowest notes that an instrument or vocal can achieve
Timbre: also known as timbre, one of the basic attributes of sound, such as erhu and pipa are different timbre
Sound dyeing: the opposite of the natural neutrality of music, that is, the sound is dyed with some characteristics that the program itself does not have. For example, the kind of sound obtained by speaking into a jar is a typical sound dyeing. The sound stain indicates that some components are added (or reduced) in the reproduced signal, which is obviously a distortion.
Distortion: The output of the device cannot fully reproduce its input, resulting in distortion of the waveform or increase or decrease of the signal components.
Dynamic: allows to record the ratio of the largest information to the smallest information
Transient response: the ability of equipment to follow the sudden signal in music. The equipment with good transient response should respond immediately as soon as the signal comes, and stop suddenly when the signal stops. (Typical musical instrument: piano)
Signal-to-noise ratio: Also known as the signal-to-noise ratio, the useful component of the signal and the strength of the noise are often expressed in decibels. The higher the signal-to-noise ratio of the device, the less noise it produces.
Sense of air: Acoustic term used to indicate the openness of high-pitched sounds, or the spatial separation between musical instruments in the sound field. At this time, the high frequency response can be extended to 15khz-20khz. Antonyms include "dull" and "thick".
Low frequency extension: refers to the lowest frequency that audio equipment can reproduce. It is a scale used to determine the degree to which the sound system or speakers can dive when playing back bass. For example, the low frequency extension of small subwoofers can reach 40hz, while large subwoofers dive to 16hz.
Bright: refers to highlighting the high frequency band of 4khz-8khz, where the harmonics are relatively stronger than the fundamental. Brightness itself is no problem. Live concerts all have bright sounds. The problem is that the brightness is so good that it is too bright (even howling) to be annoying.
1. According to the principle of transducer
There are mainly two categories of dynamic and electrostatic earphones. Although there are several types of magnetic headphones other than these two types, they are either eliminated or used for professional purposes. , Not discussed here.
The principle of moving coil headphones: At present, most (about 99% or more) earphone earplugs belong to this category. The principle is similar to ordinary speakers. The coil in the permanent magnetic field is connected to the diaphragm. The coil drives the diaphragm to sound under the drive of the signal current.
Electrostatic headphones: The diaphragm is in a changing electric field. The diaphragm is extremely thin and accurate to a few microns (the current generation of Stax's electrostatic headset diaphragm is accurate to 1.35 microns). The coil is driven by the electric field force to make the diaphragm sound.
2: According to the degree of openness
Mainly open, semi-open, closed (closed)
Open earphones generally have a natural sense of hearing and are comfortable to wear. Commonly used in home-appreciated hifi earphones, the sound can be leaked, otherwise the outside sound can also be heard, and the earphones exert less pressure on the ears
Semi-open type: There are no strict rules, the sound can only be in or out, and can be adjusted accordingly
Closed type: The earmuffs put a lot of pressure on the ears to prevent the sound from coming in and out, and the sound is correctly positioned and clear. This type is common in the professional monitoring field. However, this type of headphones has a disadvantage that the bass sound is seriously stained.
3: According to usage
Mainly home, portable, monitor, mix, binaural recording
What do some related parameters and sound quality terms of headphones mean?
1. Headphone related parameters
Impedance: Pay attention to the difference between the meaning of resistance and resistance. In the world of direct current (dc), the effect of objects on current blocking is called resistance, but in the field of alternating current (ac), in addition to resistance blocking current, capacitance and inductance It also hinders the flow of current. This effect is called reactance, and the impedance we call daily is the sum of resistance and reactance in the vector.
Sensitivity (sensiTIvity): the sound pressure level that the earphone can emit when the power input to the earphone is 1 milliwatt (the unit of sound pressure is decibel, the greater the sound pressure, the greater the volume), so the higher the sensitivity and the lower the impedance, the headphones The easier it is to make sound, the easier it is to drive.
Frequency response: The sensitivity value corresponding to frequency is the frequency response, and the image is the frequency response curve. The range that human hearing can reach is about 20hz-20000hz. The current mature earphone technology has reached this kind of Claim.
2. Terminology of sound quality evaluation
Pitch range: the range between the highest and lowest notes that an instrument or vocal can achieve
Timbre: also known as timbre, one of the basic attributes of sound, such as erhu and pipa are different timbre
Sound dyeing: the opposite of the natural neutrality of music, that is, the sound is dyed with some characteristics that the program itself does not have. For example, the kind of sound obtained by speaking into a jar is a typical sound dyeing. The sound stain indicates that some components are added (or reduced) in the reproduced signal, which is obviously a distortion.
Distortion: The output of the device cannot fully reproduce its input, resulting in distortion of the waveform or increase or decrease of the signal components.
Dynamic: allows to record the ratio of the largest information to the smallest information
Transient response: the ability of equipment to follow the sudden signal in music. The equipment with good transient response should respond immediately as soon as the signal comes, and stop suddenly when the signal stops. (Typical musical instrument: piano)
Signal-to-noise ratio: Also known as the signal-to-noise ratio, the useful component of the signal and the strength of the noise are often expressed in decibels. The higher the signal-to-noise ratio of the device, the less noise it produces.
Sense of air: Acoustic term used to indicate the openness of high-pitched sounds, or the spatial separation between musical instruments in the sound field. At this time, the high frequency response can be extended to 15khz-20khz. Antonyms include "dull" and "thick".
Low frequency extension: refers to the lowest frequency that audio equipment can reproduce. It is a scale used to determine the degree to which the sound system or speakers can dive when playing back bass. For example, the low frequency extension of small subwoofers can reach 40hz, while large subwoofers dive to 16hz.
Bright: refers to highlighting the high frequency band of 4khz-8khz, where the harmonics are relatively stronger than the fundamental. Brightness itself is no problem. Live concerts all have bright sounds. The problem is that the brightness is so good that it is too bright (even howling) to be annoying.
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