Modern office space is a work environment composed of a variety of visual operations. Reading, drafting documents, operating computer and other office equipment require comfortable, relatively glare-free and effective lighting conditions. Office lighting has become one of the main factors directly affecting office efficiency, and it has attracted more and more people's attention. Therefore, lighting design is an important part of modern office space decoration engineering.
Lighting quality
1. Determination of illuminance level
The level of illumination depends primarily on the needs of the visual work and the economic conditions. China's "Civil Building Lighting Design Standards" stipulates that the general office illumination value is 100 ~ 200lx, and the corridor illumination value is about 50lx. The illuminance value of offices in international developed countries is much higher than that in China. The illuminance recommended by the British Lighting Engineering Society for office lighting is 500-750lx, and the illumination standard for Japanese office buildings is 500-1500lx. The office building of Aoyu Building is a medium-to-high-end office space. For office lighting design, please refer to the English and Japanese standard values. Combined with the national conditions, the office design level is determined to be 350-400 lx, and the illuminance level of the public area of ​​the corridor is 100-150 lx. When the design was completed and the balance was made with Party A, it was raised that the corridor lamps were arranged densely, the illumination was too high, and the problem of energy saving was inconvenient. Since the ceiling height of the corridor is less than 2.1 meters, from the perspective of decoration, the illumination can be visually increased relative to the height of the space, reducing the sense of oppression of the space. For energy saving problems, it can be solved from two aspects: light source selection and lighting control. After the actual simulation of the site of Party A, and looking at the problem from a development perspective, it was finally determined to maintain the original design.
2. Control of glare
Glare is the most important factor affecting the quality of lighting. Modern office environments must strictly control glare, otherwise it will obviously affect people's work.
Glare includes direct glare and reflected glare. Limiting direct glare is generally considered in terms of factors such as brightness of the light source, background brightness, and lamp mounting position. The first method to limit the reflection glare is to make the worker not within the specular reflection angle of the illumination source and the eye, and the second is to use a luminaire with a large illuminating surface area and low brightness, or a special illuminating light in the visual direction. Light distribution lamps (such as batwing light fixtures, etc.).
In addition to adjusting the installation position of the lamps according to the station arrangement, the decoration project of Beijing Aoyu Building mainly controls the uncomfortable glare from the selection of lamps. Philips glare-free OA M5 lamp recommended by this design, unique parabolic aluminum baffle fog surface light guide, bat air distribution curve, shading angle 33°, brightness above 67° is less than 20000cd/m, will not cause The glare of the VDT screen protects vision and increases productivity.
Choice of light source and luminaire
Light source
Fluorescent lights are used in office lighting. The office space of Aoyu Building adopts Philips fluorescent tube series light source. The warm color series and the Shuguang series will give people a feeling of warmth and coldness. The white series color temperature is about 3500K~4000k, and the bright white light can be perfectly combined with natural light. There is a bright feeling, and the vision is wide, which makes people concentrate. This design takes a neutral white series.
The lighting in the public area corridor uses a series of energy-saving lamps, with a color temperature of 4000K, which is consistent with the office. The power is 10W and the luminous flux is 600 lumens.
In the area where the ceiling is more complicated, the space such as the 12-story president's office, the meeting room, and the boardroom is designed by combining the light belt, the light trough and the point light source to meet the requirements of the decorative effect. Indoor bookcases, murals and other parts that require local illumination, using incandescent lamps, fully reflect the bright colors of furniture.
2. Lighting
Currently, fluorescent lamps used in offices include: diffused lamps, batwing light fixtures, and herringbone light distribution lamps. Among them, the batwing light distribution lamp is ideal because the light intensity of the lamp is strongest in the direction of 30°, and the light intensity at the bottom of the lamp is low, so the reflected light of the working surface does not coincide with the line of sight and enters the human eye.
Public area corridor lighting uses more fluorescent lamps or energy-saving ceiling lamps. Aoyu Building Corridor lighting fixture selection combined with decorative requirements, the selection of energy-saving downlight series. Since the ceiling height of the corridor is more than 2.1 meters, and some parts are less than 1.9 meters, the lamps with small diameter should be selected as much as possible. However, considering the many pipes in the corridor ceiling, the installation space of the lamps is limited, so the smaller power horizontal insertion tube is selected. The lamp has relatively solved this contradiction.
Electrical design of lighting
1. Lighting power supply and distribution system
The design of the distribution system shall be determined according to the project scale, equipment layout, load characteristics and power capacity. Since the lighting design of the Aoyu Building is a secondary decoration design, the system configuration above the distribution box is adjusted by the original design unit according to the latest load calculation results, and will not be discussed in detail here. The following is a brief description of the adjustments and modifications of the system below the layer distribution box.
a. Load calculation and adjustment of lighting line protection
In the secondary decoration design, the problem of the reserved capacity of the original building electrical design is often small. There are two main reasons: First, the original civil engineering design was completed earlier. The design standards at that time did not meet the requirements of modern office conditions. For example, the use of a large number of computer equipment greatly improved the level of office automation, and the original reserved capacity was significantly smaller. Second, the changes in the function of the building space and the original design are large and large, resulting in insufficient reserved capacity. Therefore, the secondary decoration design must recalculate the electrical load, provide the calculation results to Party A, and adjust the line protection of the lighting distribution system (including the socket) of this level. Since the lighting fixtures of this project use high-efficiency energy-saving light sources, although the number of lamps increases, the capacity is reduced, which has no effect on the upper-level power distribution system.
b. Design of distribution lines
In terms of distribution lines, attention should be paid to these issues:
Power cables, distribution trunks, and branch wires should be made of good copper or copper insulated wires, whether they are cables or insulated wires, and require 25mm or less cables or wires at low voltage 380/220 volts three-phase four-wire system. Equal-section cables or wires should be used.
The lighting line is usually powered by a single-phase branch line, or it can be powered by two or three-phase branch lines (the lamps are connected to each phase). The use of two-phase four-wire or three-phase six-wire power supply is superior to single-phase two-wire power, and the power loss of the line is small, and the pulsation of the luminous flux can also be reduced for the gas discharge lamp.
Each single-phase circuit of the indoor lighting branch line generally does not exceed 15A.
The number of lamps (including sockets) connected to each single-phase circuit is generally no more than 25; no more than 50 lamps should be supplied to the illuminators, illuminating slots or illuminators for two or more fluorescent tubes. However, circuits such as lanterns, lanterns, and large-area lighting are not limited.
The load distribution of each phase on each distribution panel and line should be as balanced as possible.
2. Lighting arrangement
According to the "Electrical Design Code for Civil Buildings", the general illumination of office space should be designed on both sides of the work area. When using fluorescent lamps, the vertical axis of the lamps should be parallel to the horizontal line of sight. It is not advisable to place the luminaire directly in front of the working position. The large open office should adopt a lighting method parallel to the outer window.
3. Laying of electrical lines
The laying of electrical lighting circuits for architectural decoration projects should mainly pay attention to fire safety issues. Electrical wiring is an important part of electrical lighting systems. The fire caused by the electrical circuit is caused by electric leakage, short circuit, overload, overvoltage, excessive contact resistance, and electric spark and arc generated by breakdown or breakdown of the wire insulation. If a short circuit occurs in the electrical circuit, a large amount of heat is emitted in a very short time, and the metal wire is melted to generate an electric spark and an electric arc, and the insulating layer of the wire is burned while igniting the surrounding combustible material to cause a fire. At present, most of the building decoration materials are combustible materials. Therefore, in the architectural decoration project, the selection of materials such as wires and protective pipes should meet the requirements of building fire codes, and flame retardant materials should be used as much as possible. As long as the cables and conductor sections are selected in strict accordance with the design requirements, the fires of the lines can be prevented. For example, in the construction of the decoration of the Aoyu Building, the metal box is protected between the lamp box and the lamp, and the joint should use a metal joint. The wires are laid through metal pipes or metal trunks.
4. Lighting control
The control of the lamp must meet the requirements of safety, energy saving, ease of management and maintenance. The modern office space has more openings, and the lighting control method adopts the method of multiple lights and one control, and adopts the method of controlling one by one.
Public area corridor lighting, power source from emergency lighting power. The lighting branch adopts a control method of one control and one control, and selects one way to open or two simultaneous lighting through the building automatic control system. At night, only the night duty lighting is left. On-duty lighting fixtures are equipped with automatic charging power supply and emergency lighting.
Several problems in the construction
1. The original electrical design of the lighting wire is BV type. According to the requirements of high-rise building fire protection regulations, it is recommended to change to the flame retardant ZR-BV type. Since the part of the pre-construction construction has adopted the BV type, it was decided to use the flame-retardant wire in the part of the public area where the pipeline equipment is dense, and the office area still adopts the BV type.
2. Thin-walled electric wire tubes have the characteristics of convenient construction and investment saving. This design uses a large number of KGB thin-walled electric conduits in ceiling ceilings. Welded steel pipes are still used when laying along the ground or wall.
3. The combination of public area lighting and emergency lighting is controlled by the building automatic control system, which is convenient for management and energy saving.
4. The lighting distribution branch should not cross the fire zone. This problem exists in the electrical design of the original building in the corridor, and was later corrected in the decoration design.
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