At 7:30 on October 17, 2016, the Shenzhou 11 manned spacecraft was carried by astronauts Jing Haipeng and Chen Dongfei to the vast universe, and rendezvous and docking with the Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory waiting in space. After two days of independent flight, Shenzhou 11 completed the automatic docking with Tiangong No. 2 to form a combination. After completing the mid-term residency of the assembly, it was separated from Tiangong 2 and returned to Inner Mongolia’s main landing site in one day. Shenzhou X The first task ended. What are the magical features of the Shenzhou 11 manned spacecraft in this 33-day space-saving trip?
Flying higher - docking and running of 393 km orbital heightThe orbital height of Shenzhou 11 and Tiangong 2 is 393 kilometers, which is 50 kilometers higher than the past. It is mainly for the third step of the “three-step†development strategy of China’s manned space flight – preparing for the construction of the space station because This is basically the same as the orbital height of the future space station, and the flight is closer to the requirements of the future space station.
One of the most important innovations in the technological improvement of Shenzhou 11 is the new wide-beam relay communication terminal equipment. It enhances the ability of heaven and earth communication when the attitude of the spacecraft changes rapidly, thus improving the safety of the astronauts and the reliability of the spacecraft.
Upgrade optical imaging sensors - complete the difficult "space kiss"The solar stray light suppression capability and the recognition target sensitivity of the Shenzhou 11 rendezvous and docking upgraded sensor are greatly improved. The Shenzhou 11 and Tiangong 2 can realize real-time docking in real time, which can guarantee the spacecraft sudden maintenance supply or space. Emergency rescue.
The Shenzhou 11 mission will be the first to verify the rendezvous and docking and manned spacecraft return technology at the space station stage. It will also assess the mid-term resident capability of the astronauts for the first time, and verify the astronauts' resilience to lay the long-term on-orbit assessment for the astronaut space station phase. basis.
Lighting equipment lights up the "flying road"The Shenzhou 11 spacecraft cabin lighting equipment and rendezvous lighting equipment use LED light source, which is the solid-state lighting source. When the spacecraft enters the earth's shadow area, the astronauts can still correctly interpret the instrument in the cabin and manually operate various switches.
Thermal control system escorts "Space Home"The thermal control subsystem and the environmentally controlled life insurance system are located in the bulkheads of the propulsion and orbital modules of the manned spacecraft, respectively. The function of the thermal control subsystem is to maintain a certain temperature and humidity inside the spacecraft. The environmentally controlled life insurance system is to create suitable indoor living conditions for the astronauts, and to ensure that the astronauts can live safely and normally under the special environment of space flight. The astronauts create a warm, spring-like living environment.
The door quick leak detector enables fast and accurate leak detection of the door and the docking surface. After the door is closed, a small space is formed between the two sealing rings on the door and the door frame. The leak detector utilizes the unique structure of the hatch to charge a small amount of detection gas into the small space during operation, and judges the sealing condition of the hatch by monitoring the change of pressure in the small space.
Dashboard Shock Absorber - "Life Jacket" for Spacecraft InstrumentsThe instrument panel damper shoulders the responsibility of damping the entire spacecraft instrument. The instrument panel damper mounted on the four mounting points of the instrument panel plays the role of the Shenzhou spacecraft instrumentation device “life jacketâ€, ensuring the previous missions. The success of the event.
The magical "coat" of the manned spaceshipThe outer shell of the orbital module with a thickness of about 2 cm can effectively isolate the heat exchange between the space environment and the orbital bulkhead. There is also a layer of gorgeous composite film on the outer surface to improve the spacecraft's ability to protect the orbital atomic oxygen and other particles. Return to the outer surface of the cabin and spray a specially designed organic thermal control coating to provide strong support for return chamber temperature conditions during the orbit. At the bottom of the propulsion tank, in order to effectively suppress the influence of the high temperature after ignition of the engine on the propulsion tank, this key area uses multiple layers of insulation material, and the maximum temperature that can be isolated is 900.
Escape Engine - Astronauts' "Reassuring"The escape system bears the mission of astronauts' safety and lifesaving, with special performance and complicated technology. Only the United States and Russia have mastered this technology in the world, which is one of the three technical difficulties that must be broken in China's manned spaceflight project.
The magic weapon for the safe return of the spacecraftThe highlight of Shenzhou 11's recycling landing is obvious. First, the country's first large-scale parachute. Second, the landing buffer technology improves ride comfort and applies landing buffer technology to the landing buffer system of the Shenzhou spacecraft return cabin, thus achieving a “soft landing†of the return cabin.
Twisted-pair, cable to optical fiber, waveguide and other transmission media are conductive media, and electromagnetic wave in free space in the long distance propagation is non-conductive media transmission; Attenuation is therefore a complex function of distance and is influenced by the atmosphere around the Earth. The main factors affecting propagation attenuation are: propagation frequency band F, propagation distance L and electromagnetic wave rate C(close to the speed of light). Free space propagation loss of microwave segment signals such as satellites is about 36000 km from the ground. The beam diverges with distance. High-power klystrons can transmit signals up to kilowatts, while satellite transponders can only be powered by solar energy. The satellite's limited surface area makes it difficult to transmit hundreds of watts of downlink power. As a result, the ground station's received signal power is only microwatt level and includes a compensation effect of tens of decibels of the gain of the receiving and transmitting antennas.
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