1. According to the definition of IEC, when the backup UPS is normal, the utility power supplies power to the load. When the utility power fails, the battery pack provides energy and supplies power to the load through the inverter. The EPS is functionally compatible with the backup UPS definition described above. However, saying that EPS is a backup UPS is not scientific and intentionally or unintentionally devalues ​​the important role of EPS. As we all know, the commonly used backup UPS is a small power range, and most of the protection objects are PCs. Because the protection object is not important, and the market demand is large, the technical content is low, the price competition is fierce, and there are more counterfeit goods, resulting in low product quality, large repair rate, leaving a bad impression on people, and the backup UPS is optional. IT industry peripherals. EPS is an emergency power supply | voltage regulator, the focus is on emergency. It is really a device that "recruits a thousand days and uses soldiers for a while". In order to really respond, it is expected to have high expectations for the reliability of EPS.
2. EPS topology design is not a simple combination Some people think that EPS (electronic part) = rectifier / charger + inverter + output transfer switch (reciprocal device) + control unit and other components can constitute an emergency power supply. Yes, the basic unit of EPS is composed of the above parts, but in order to meet the reliability of the whole machine (MTBF), how to allocate the reliability of each basic unit is the most reasonable? The following formula tells us: EPSMTBF=(rectifier/charger) MTBF+ (inverter) MTBF+ (conversion switch) MTBF+ (control unit) MTBF As can be seen from the above formula, the MTBF of the EPS machine is superimposed by the MTBF of each major component, so the overall design of the EPS needs to be studied in detail. analysis. Calculate the MTBF of each major component, increase the MTBF of the weak component, and configure the safety lifecycle of each component from the needs of the overall EPS safety lifecycle.
3. EPS manufacturers rushed to the top Due to the recent large-scale reshuffle of China's UPS market, some small. UPS manufacturers of miscellaneous brands can't stand the test of market rules and face the danger of being eliminated. In order to escape the fate of being cleaned, with a ignorant attitude, the company has rushed to produce EPS, attempting to confuse the fish, and to solve the urgent need to save the eyebrows, causing the phenomenon of “one glimpse†in the Chinese EPS market. They do not understand what kind of EPS is really needed in the market, blindly adopting the combination of various components to produce, and at the same time, using low-quality raw materials for price competition, how can we guarantee high-reliability EPS?
4. The cause of the confusion in the EPS market People are more and more aware of the importance of emergency power supply EPS in life and production, but since there is still no national standard to unify its technical standards and production specifications, it is causing confusion in the Chinese EPS market. The main reason for the ultimate victim may be direct users. The UPS in the IT industry is quite different from the one in the IT industry. There are not only nationally-defined national standards, but also various systems. Each industry's own selection criteria. EPS manufacturers should be like UPS manufacturers. In order to win the market, they must optimize their design, adopt new technologies, improve production efficiency, reduce costs, improve reliability, and meet different requirements of users. Only when the quality of the products is continuously improved and the after-sales service is continuously improved, the EPS products can be recognized by the users.
Similarities and differences between EPS and UPS
1.EPS is the application development of UPS in advanced countries in Europe and America. Due to grid-connected power supply, sufficient power, and good power supply quality, coupled with the specification of electrical equipment, will not cause grid pollution and mutual interference on the power grid. Therefore, in many occasions, it is not recommended to use the dual inverter online UPS. Instead, it is recommended to use the UPS under the energy-saving ECO (ECONOMYCONTROLOPERATION) working state, that is, the supply is usually supplied by the commercial power. When the utility power is abnormal, the battery is reversed. The inverter inverter output is powered. In Europe, such a UPS with energy-saving working status is called CPS (CenterPowerSupply). The reason why it is widely used is that the online UPS of the dual inverter working mode has an energy conversion efficiency of AC→DC→AC when the utility power is normal. 90%, while the UPS (CPS, EPS) under the energy-saving working condition has a power conversion efficiency of 99% when the utility power is normal, and the availability rate of the grid-connected power supply can reach 99.99% or more, that is, only 0.01% of the power outage Probability, so using CPS (EPS) power supply, its energy saving effect is very significant. At the same time, the EPS inverter is in the startup state, but does not output power, similar to the sleep state. The EPS inverter can extend the life of the inverter more continuously than the UPS inverter. In fact, the high-end products of EPS are UPS in sleep state. When the utility power is normal, the EPS is not as good as the UPS except for the transmission quality, but today, when the mains is connected to the grid, it can meet the requirements of most of the electrical equipment. Therefore, people care about the eternal theme of power saving and high reliability. In most cases, EPS is better than UPS. If the power grid is of good quality, reliable power supply, and electrical equipment specifications, it is possible to replace the dual inverter online UPS with EPS in many occasions in China, instead of using UPS instead of EPS. Of course, in some very critical equipment, dual inverter online UPS is still needed.
2. The difference between EPS and UPS
(1) The development of EPS in China originated from the need of power grid and fire protection when the power grid suddenly fails. It can provide emergency lighting and fire emergency immediately, protect users' lives or the body from harm, and their technical requirements are affected. The Ministry of Public Security fire certification supervision, and accept the installation site fire inspection. The UPS is only used to protect the user equipment or business from economic losses, and its product technical requirements are certified by the Ministry of Information Industry. The security norms that apply to the two are significantly different and therefore have different values.
(2) Both EPS and UPS can provide two-way output power supply. UPS guarantees high quality of power supply and selects inverter priority. EPS is to ensure power saving. Of course, there are differences in the design specifications of the rectifier/charger and inverter.
(3) Because the UPS is used online, the fault can be alarmed in time, and the utility power is used as backup protection. The user can grasp the fault and eliminate the fault in time, and will not cause greater damage to the accident. The EPS is offline and is the last power supply guarantee. Therefore, its reliability design requirements are higher. It cannot be simply understood as a backup UPS. Otherwise, the importance of EPS will be written off. If the EPS cannot be powered by the battery when the mains fails, the EPS will be as if it is a dummy, and the consequences will be unimaginable.
(4) UPS power supply object is computer and network equipment, the load nature (input power factor) is not much different, so the national standard UPS output power is 0.8. The EPS power supply object is power protection and fire safety, and the load is sensitive. Both capacitive and rectifying nonlinear loads have their output power factor not set to 0.8 (the EPS national standard will specify its value), and some loads are put into operation after the market is shut down, thus requiring EPS to provide A large inrush current, EPS needs to have better output dynamic characteristics and stronger anti-overload capability. Therefore, the allocation of technical design indicators for EPS and UPS components is different.
The overall design of the EPS system can be seen from the previous discussion. Since understanding the importance of EPS in practice, a highly reliable EPS system should be designed according to different use occasions. A highly reliable design pattern is proposed below:
1. Improve the reliability of EPS inverter power supply
(1) The EPS host adopts an integrated circuit design scheme to ensure the hardware matching and software coordination of major functional components.
(2) The inverter using EPS is in the startup state but does not output power. In this way, the automatic detection software can be used to repeatedly and automatically inspect the working points of the inverter, and if there is an abnormality, the alarm is immediately issued, and the hidden troubles are eliminated in time. At the same time, the inverter can track the mains phase at any time to ensure fast conversion.
(3) The high-reliability automatic switching output switch (STS) is used to replace the backward unreliable magnetoelectric switch, so that the mains inverter can achieve fast and reliable conversion (conversion time <10ms).
(4) The dual-input power supply mutual-injection device can adopt the magnetic-electric automatic/manual transfer switch (ATS) to rationalize the distribution of technical indicators of the entire system.
2. Improve the reliability of battery pack power supply
(1) Use high-quality brand batteries that have a long design life and endure harsh environments.
(2) Use the voltage (single charge/float charge), current (charge/discharge), conductance (internal resistance), temperature and other parameters of the single cell for online monitoring. When the preset threshold is exceeded, the alarm will be immediately alarmed so that the individual battery can be used. Handle in time.
3.EPS system comprehensive parameter monitoring and alarm
(1) Two-way commercial power mutual investment device through a small bus. EPS host static running parameters. Battery single battery operating parameters. Output power distribution cabinet operating parameters. The status alarm information is displayed in a centralized manner and can be monitored locally.
(2) Uploading the information about the distributed fieldbus EPS to the central monitoring system through the network bus The EPS product has the following characteristics: when the grid is powered, it is static and no noise; when there is mains, it is less than 60db. No need to smoke. Anti-shock treatment, and has the characteristics of no pollution, no fire hazard.
Automatic switching, can achieve unattended, energy-saving, grid power supply and EPS power supply switching time are 0.1 ~ 0.25S.
The load capacity is strong and the EPS is adapted to inductivity. Capacitive. And comprehensive load equipment, such as elevators. Water pump. Fan. Office automation equipment. Emergency lighting, etc.
Reliable use. The host has a life span of more than 20 years.
Adapt to harsh environments, can be placed in the basement or distribution room, or even in the building shaft? It can be placed close to the emergency load site to reduce the power supply line.
For some power-hungry facilities, such as: fire pumps. The fan and EPS can also be directly connected to the motor to start the inverter, and then enter the normal running state, which can save the soft start of the motor and the control box.
Emergency standby time: The standard type is 60 minutes (with delay interface), which can be long or short.
Therefore, EPS can be used as a reliable green emergency power supply. It is especially suitable for high-rise building fire-fighting facilities where there is no second-level mains power and it is not convenient to use diesel generator sets. It can use the same power distribution as diesel generators. The scheme is also applicable to some projects as a terminal emergency backup power source in local important occasions.
2. EPS topology design is not a simple combination Some people think that EPS (electronic part) = rectifier / charger + inverter + output transfer switch (reciprocal device) + control unit and other components can constitute an emergency power supply. Yes, the basic unit of EPS is composed of the above parts, but in order to meet the reliability of the whole machine (MTBF), how to allocate the reliability of each basic unit is the most reasonable? The following formula tells us: EPSMTBF=(rectifier/charger) MTBF+ (inverter) MTBF+ (conversion switch) MTBF+ (control unit) MTBF As can be seen from the above formula, the MTBF of the EPS machine is superimposed by the MTBF of each major component, so the overall design of the EPS needs to be studied in detail. analysis. Calculate the MTBF of each major component, increase the MTBF of the weak component, and configure the safety lifecycle of each component from the needs of the overall EPS safety lifecycle.
3. EPS manufacturers rushed to the top Due to the recent large-scale reshuffle of China's UPS market, some small. UPS manufacturers of miscellaneous brands can't stand the test of market rules and face the danger of being eliminated. In order to escape the fate of being cleaned, with a ignorant attitude, the company has rushed to produce EPS, attempting to confuse the fish, and to solve the urgent need to save the eyebrows, causing the phenomenon of “one glimpse†in the Chinese EPS market. They do not understand what kind of EPS is really needed in the market, blindly adopting the combination of various components to produce, and at the same time, using low-quality raw materials for price competition, how can we guarantee high-reliability EPS?
4. The cause of the confusion in the EPS market People are more and more aware of the importance of emergency power supply EPS in life and production, but since there is still no national standard to unify its technical standards and production specifications, it is causing confusion in the Chinese EPS market. The main reason for the ultimate victim may be direct users. The UPS in the IT industry is quite different from the one in the IT industry. There are not only nationally-defined national standards, but also various systems. Each industry's own selection criteria. EPS manufacturers should be like UPS manufacturers. In order to win the market, they must optimize their design, adopt new technologies, improve production efficiency, reduce costs, improve reliability, and meet different requirements of users. Only when the quality of the products is continuously improved and the after-sales service is continuously improved, the EPS products can be recognized by the users.
Similarities and differences between EPS and UPS
1.EPS is the application development of UPS in advanced countries in Europe and America. Due to grid-connected power supply, sufficient power, and good power supply quality, coupled with the specification of electrical equipment, will not cause grid pollution and mutual interference on the power grid. Therefore, in many occasions, it is not recommended to use the dual inverter online UPS. Instead, it is recommended to use the UPS under the energy-saving ECO (ECONOMYCONTROLOPERATION) working state, that is, the supply is usually supplied by the commercial power. When the utility power is abnormal, the battery is reversed. The inverter inverter output is powered. In Europe, such a UPS with energy-saving working status is called CPS (CenterPowerSupply). The reason why it is widely used is that the online UPS of the dual inverter working mode has an energy conversion efficiency of AC→DC→AC when the utility power is normal. 90%, while the UPS (CPS, EPS) under the energy-saving working condition has a power conversion efficiency of 99% when the utility power is normal, and the availability rate of the grid-connected power supply can reach 99.99% or more, that is, only 0.01% of the power outage Probability, so using CPS (EPS) power supply, its energy saving effect is very significant. At the same time, the EPS inverter is in the startup state, but does not output power, similar to the sleep state. The EPS inverter can extend the life of the inverter more continuously than the UPS inverter. In fact, the high-end products of EPS are UPS in sleep state. When the utility power is normal, the EPS is not as good as the UPS except for the transmission quality, but today, when the mains is connected to the grid, it can meet the requirements of most of the electrical equipment. Therefore, people care about the eternal theme of power saving and high reliability. In most cases, EPS is better than UPS. If the power grid is of good quality, reliable power supply, and electrical equipment specifications, it is possible to replace the dual inverter online UPS with EPS in many occasions in China, instead of using UPS instead of EPS. Of course, in some very critical equipment, dual inverter online UPS is still needed.
2. The difference between EPS and UPS
(1) The development of EPS in China originated from the need of power grid and fire protection when the power grid suddenly fails. It can provide emergency lighting and fire emergency immediately, protect users' lives or the body from harm, and their technical requirements are affected. The Ministry of Public Security fire certification supervision, and accept the installation site fire inspection. The UPS is only used to protect the user equipment or business from economic losses, and its product technical requirements are certified by the Ministry of Information Industry. The security norms that apply to the two are significantly different and therefore have different values.
(2) Both EPS and UPS can provide two-way output power supply. UPS guarantees high quality of power supply and selects inverter priority. EPS is to ensure power saving. Of course, there are differences in the design specifications of the rectifier/charger and inverter.
(3) Because the UPS is used online, the fault can be alarmed in time, and the utility power is used as backup protection. The user can grasp the fault and eliminate the fault in time, and will not cause greater damage to the accident. The EPS is offline and is the last power supply guarantee. Therefore, its reliability design requirements are higher. It cannot be simply understood as a backup UPS. Otherwise, the importance of EPS will be written off. If the EPS cannot be powered by the battery when the mains fails, the EPS will be as if it is a dummy, and the consequences will be unimaginable.
(4) UPS power supply object is computer and network equipment, the load nature (input power factor) is not much different, so the national standard UPS output power is 0.8. The EPS power supply object is power protection and fire safety, and the load is sensitive. Both capacitive and rectifying nonlinear loads have their output power factor not set to 0.8 (the EPS national standard will specify its value), and some loads are put into operation after the market is shut down, thus requiring EPS to provide A large inrush current, EPS needs to have better output dynamic characteristics and stronger anti-overload capability. Therefore, the allocation of technical design indicators for EPS and UPS components is different.
The overall design of the EPS system can be seen from the previous discussion. Since understanding the importance of EPS in practice, a highly reliable EPS system should be designed according to different use occasions. A highly reliable design pattern is proposed below:
1. Improve the reliability of EPS inverter power supply
(1) The EPS host adopts an integrated circuit design scheme to ensure the hardware matching and software coordination of major functional components.
(2) The inverter using EPS is in the startup state but does not output power. In this way, the automatic detection software can be used to repeatedly and automatically inspect the working points of the inverter, and if there is an abnormality, the alarm is immediately issued, and the hidden troubles are eliminated in time. At the same time, the inverter can track the mains phase at any time to ensure fast conversion.
(3) The high-reliability automatic switching output switch (STS) is used to replace the backward unreliable magnetoelectric switch, so that the mains inverter can achieve fast and reliable conversion (conversion time <10ms).
(4) The dual-input power supply mutual-injection device can adopt the magnetic-electric automatic/manual transfer switch (ATS) to rationalize the distribution of technical indicators of the entire system.
2. Improve the reliability of battery pack power supply
(1) Use high-quality brand batteries that have a long design life and endure harsh environments.
(2) Use the voltage (single charge/float charge), current (charge/discharge), conductance (internal resistance), temperature and other parameters of the single cell for online monitoring. When the preset threshold is exceeded, the alarm will be immediately alarmed so that the individual battery can be used. Handle in time.
3.EPS system comprehensive parameter monitoring and alarm
(1) Two-way commercial power mutual investment device through a small bus. EPS host static running parameters. Battery single battery operating parameters. Output power distribution cabinet operating parameters. The status alarm information is displayed in a centralized manner and can be monitored locally.
(2) Uploading the information about the distributed fieldbus EPS to the central monitoring system through the network bus The EPS product has the following characteristics: when the grid is powered, it is static and no noise; when there is mains, it is less than 60db. No need to smoke. Anti-shock treatment, and has the characteristics of no pollution, no fire hazard.
Automatic switching, can achieve unattended, energy-saving, grid power supply and EPS power supply switching time are 0.1 ~ 0.25S.
The load capacity is strong and the EPS is adapted to inductivity. Capacitive. And comprehensive load equipment, such as elevators. Water pump. Fan. Office automation equipment. Emergency lighting, etc.
Reliable use. The host has a life span of more than 20 years.
Adapt to harsh environments, can be placed in the basement or distribution room, or even in the building shaft? It can be placed close to the emergency load site to reduce the power supply line.
For some power-hungry facilities, such as: fire pumps. The fan and EPS can also be directly connected to the motor to start the inverter, and then enter the normal running state, which can save the soft start of the motor and the control box.
Emergency standby time: The standard type is 60 minutes (with delay interface), which can be long or short.
Therefore, EPS can be used as a reliable green emergency power supply. It is especially suitable for high-rise building fire-fighting facilities where there is no second-level mains power and it is not convenient to use diesel generator sets. It can use the same power distribution as diesel generators. The scheme is also applicable to some projects as a terminal emergency backup power source in local important occasions.
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